Early U.S.

The years following the American Revolution were challenging for the new nation, as it contended with the Articles of Confederation, Shay's Rebellion, Federalism, the Alien and Sedition Acts and more.

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Before the U.S. Constitution was the law of the land, there were the Articles of Confederation. Find out why they didn't last long.

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Signing The US Constitution

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Featured Overview

Before the U.S. Constitution was the law of the land, there were the Articles of Confederation. Find out why they didn't last long.

2:18m watch

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1786: American troops fighting rebels during Shay's rebellion in Western Massachusetts. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Shays' Rebellion was a series of attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts that helped spur the creation of the U.S. Constitution.

What is Federalism and Why Did the Founding Fathers Create It?

Federalism, or the separation of powers between state and federal government, was entirely new when the founders baked it into the Constitution.

A cartoon portrays a fight on the floor of Congress between Vermont Representative Matthew Lyon and Roger Griswold of Connecticut. With tensions already high due to the controversy over the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, the fight was ignited by an insult from Griswold to Lyon.

The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of four controversial laws passed by the U.S. Congress in 1798 that severely curtailed freedom of speech and of the press.

History of American Whiskey

A surplus of U.S. corn crops led to a boom in whiskey sales—and consumption—following the Revolutionary War.

The Rise and Fall of Freemasons in the U.S.

The Rise and Fall of Freemasons in the U.S.

The secret society known as the Freemasons had more of an influence over the inception of the United States than many might realize.

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Early U.S.
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Sensationalist headlines played off tensions between Spain and the United States in a time when raucous media found a voice.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, students at America’s elite universities were treated differently based on the social stature of their parents.

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John Jacob Astor fed a growing international addiction—and helped fuel a 19th-century opioid crisis.

Skeletal analysis of troops at the Battle of the Little Bighorn suggests a very different outcome.

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The Whiskey Rebellion was a 1794 uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government.

The tradition began during a time of national sorrow

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That hall monitor used to be much more powerful.

Before the U.S. Constitution was the law of the land, there were the Articles of Confederation. Find out why they didn't last long.

2:18m watch

A hand over the heart for the Pledge of the Allegiance.

The Pledge of Allegiance has been used in the United States for over 100 years, yet the 31-word oath recited today differs significantly from the original draft. The idea of a verbal vow to the American flag first gained traction in 1885, when a Civil War veteran named Colonel George Balch devised a version that […]

Shays Rebellion monument.

Get the story behind the uprising that propelled the Constitutional Convention to form a stronger national government.

WASHINGTON, DC - JULY 05: A military aide holds a Medal of Honor as President Joe Biden awards the Medal of Honor to retired Army Specialist Five Dennis M. Fujii during an event in the East Room of the White House on Tuesday, July 5, 2022 in Washington, DC. Biden presented the Medal of Honor to Army Specialist Dwight W. Birdwell, Major John J. Duffy, Specialist Dennis M. Fujii, and posthumously to Staff Sergeant Edward N. Kaneshiro. (Kent Nishimura / Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)

The military's highest recognition for valor has been bestowed to some 3,500 Americans. Only a handful have received it twice.

UNSPECIFIED - CIRCA 1800: Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, 1754-1838. French politician and diplomat.Photo-etching after the painting by Lacour.From the book ' Lady Jackson's Works XIII. The Court of the Tuileries I' Published London 1899. (Photo by Universal History Archive/Getty Images)

A diplomatic incident between the United States and France in 1797 outraged Americans and led to an undeclared war.

General George Armstrong Custer

The controversial general was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

Delve into the history of America’s military.

In 1898, America's Only Coup d'Etat Violently Overthrew an Elected Biracial Government, Wilmington, North Carolina

Get the facts on six of the most famous domestic disputes in American history.

Johnny Appleseed on a postage stamp.

It may surprise you that one of the most notable entrepreneurs of the American frontier didn’t wear a jacket, tip his hat and shine his shoes, but rather dressed in a coffee sack, donned a tin hat and traveled barefoot. John Chapman, better known as Johnny Appleseed, was a 19th-century horticulturist who made great contributions […]

1786: American troops fighting rebels during Shay's rebellion in Western Massachusetts. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Shays' Rebellion was a series of attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts that helped spur the creation of the U.S. Constitution.

The Gnadenhutten Massacre, 1782

The Gnadenhutten Massacre occured when Pennsylvania militiamen slaughtered some 90 unarmed Native Americans at a Moravian mission settlement in Ohio in 1782.

HISTORY: Federalist Papers

The Federalist Papers are a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay supporting the Constitution and a strong federal government.

Illustration shows General George Armstrong Custer (1839 - 1876) waving his hat to rally his troops as they ride against Native Americans, late nineteenth century. A Native American village is visible in the distance. (Photo by Interim Archives/Getty Images)

George Armstrong Custer rose to fame as a young Union commander in the Civil War before his death at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876.

circa 1795: The 1st President of the United States, George Washington (1732 - 1799) in consultation with members of his first cabinet; Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson (seated), later the 3rd President and Secretary of the Treasury and co-author of the Federalist Papers, Alexander Hamilton.

The Federalist Party was an early U.S. political party that fought for a strong federal government. Supporters included John Adams, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

A cartoon portrays a fight on the floor of Congress between Vermont Representative Matthew Lyon and Roger Griswold of Connecticut. With tensions already high due to the controversy over the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, the fight was ignited by an insult from Griswold to Lyon.

The Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of four controversial laws passed by the U.S. Congress in 1798 that severely curtailed freedom of speech and of the press.

HISTORY: The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation, composed in 1777 and ratified in 1781, granted powers to Congress as the first written constitution of the United States.