Modern Marvels

One of the deadliest natural disasters experienced by US, Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans–submerging it under a torrent of floodwater. We investigate why the levees and water-pumping system failed and join a “Geological Detective” as he sifts through the rubble to uncover how 80% of the city was left underwater and discovers how the levee system was a potential disaster in the making. We also delve deep into the 80-year-old pumping system to unearth how it flooded and why it took weeks to drain the city of up to 25 feet of water. We learn the engineering cause behind the nightmare suffered by victims seeking shelter in the Superdome. And our investigators discover the design flaws on one of the major escape routes of the city. Using satellite global positioning, we find that New Orleans and the entire Louisiana wetland coastline are actually sinking. How can New Orleans stop this from ever happening again and should it be rebuilt at all?

Sometime at the dawn of civilization, animal hides were rubbed down with animal fat, making them more flexible, durable, and malleable. By the 5th Century BC, this’tanning process expanded to include vegetable and tree oil washes, creating what’s now known as’leather –one of man’s most reliable and versatile products. Without advances in leather shoes, the Romans could never have marched to the Tigris; nor could the Pilgrims have survived winters in Plymouth. Today, leather is a staple of our daily lives. Modern tanners have devised techniques to make leather more versatile, colorful, and luxurious than ever. We visit modern tanneries of conventional cowhide leather, and explore the more exotic leathers made from alligator, snakes, and even sting-ray. And we’ll examine the race of modern science to create synthetic leathers that are supposedly more convenient in today’s fast-paced life. We’ll see how leather binds us to the past in an unparalleled way.

From a prehistoric sharpened digging stick to today’s $15-million monster machines, our journey for the ultimate shovel begins in California’s borax mines, where the P&H 4100 uses advanced electronics, brute strength, and savvy operators to excavate 170-ton chunks in a single scoop. We travel back to 1835, when William Otis set off an American digging frenzy with his patented steam shovel. And at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, we kick the legs of NASA’s latest Mars Lander: Phoenix. This stationary probe has a robotic arm with a shovel scoop designed to dig into the soil, locate ice, and analyze its properties. Back on Earth, the Hitachi Corporation’s 200-ton hydraulic humanitarian shovel is designed to locate and explode landmines in Third-World countries.

Spiraling deep into the ground…driving holes through solid rock…rotating, hammering, and scraping its way through whatever it may encounter…whether it’s earth or ice, steel or stone, nothing can stand in its way! This episode penetrates the world of drilling and explores various types of drilling’s colorful histories. From drilling for water in the New Mexico desert to searching for oil in the Gulf of Mexico, we’ll show you how it’s done. The program features the quest to drill the deepest hole ever and the scientific drill ship expected to perform the feat, and also looks at drills used to recover ice cores that will unearth thousands of years of climate history. We also examine the latest and greatest tunnel boring machines, robotic drills, and handheld power drills. Finally, we check out laser drills–both large and small–including a drill that can bore a hole a fraction of the diameter of a human hair.

You may know him as a man of great wit and wisdom, as the oldest and wisest Founding Father. But now you’ll get to know Dr. Franklin as the late 18th Century’s foremost scientist, and one of the greatest inventors of any era. From the humble Pennsylvania Stove to the spectacular lightning rod–Franklin was concerned with putting scientific principals to practical use. We’ll explore his many inventions, including: his unique musical instrument, the glass armonica, for which both Mozart and Beethoven wrote pieces; his crafty anti-counterfeiting techniques, including multi-colored inks, elaborate ornamentation, and the use of “leaf printing”–when a metal engraving plate is made from a plant’s leaf, making it impossible to copy; and bifocal glasses. And we’ll see how Franklin’s inventive genius extended to entire systems, including: the modern volunteer fire department, first fire insurance company, Daylight Savings Time, and America’s first lending library.

They are elements that occupy a select portion of the periodic table and are so essential to America’s economic and military might that they are stored in the National Defense Stockpile in case of all-out war. We plan a riveting visit. Some of the vital heavy metals that we survey include copper, uranium, lead, zinc, and nickel. We also take a look at superalloys–consisting of steel combined with chromium, cobalt, and dozens of other heavy metals–that resist corrosion and perform increasingly elaborate functions. From Earth to space, from cosmetics to vitamins, in a million different ways, heavy metals are here to stay!

Buckle up for a rip-roaring ride through the world of extreme horsepower. Experience the fastest accelerating cars on earth. Find out how horsepower was first coined as a marketing tool for the steam engine in the early 1800s and meet the horsepower police–the Society of Automotive Engineers who test today’s most powerful car engines. Feel the amazing power of Unlimited Hydroplane racing as 3-ton boat-beasts careen across water at speeds of over 200 miles per hour. Journey to the bowels of an enormous container ship where the world’s most powerful diesel engine provides over 100,000 horsepower. At the Hoover Dam, watch as it harnesses the enormous power of water. Explore the 80,000 horsepower pumping units at the Edmonston Pumping Plant that delivers 2-billion gallons of water a day to thirsty Californians. And sit behind the steering wheel of a new generation of hybrid cars that boast 400-horsepower yet get 42 miles per gallon of gas.

An old-fashioned style of cooking, barbecue has evolved into a modern food craze and spawned a multi-billion dollar industry. We digest famous barbecue cook-offs and visit long-established barbecue restaurants like Arthur Bryant’s in Kansas City, where the huge grills and taste thrills of true barbecue are more popular than ever. At home, three out of four US households own a grill. After WWII’s end, the phenomenon of backyard barbecuing swept the nation, thanks to inexpensive and mass-produced grills, including the kettle-shaped Weber. Our tour of Weber’s modern factories shows how they keep pace with demand by manufacturing more choices than ever, including portable mini-grills. We also examine the variety of fuels available for the savory selection of spicy sauces and rubs. Join us as we devour the mouthwatering flavors of BBQ in this episode.

After thousands of years, Egyptian mummies are speaking from the grave. With the use of state-of-the-art computer tomography scanning, known as CT-scanning, we explore inside a 2,000-year-old mummified body of an Egyptian child. With today’s technology, mummies are studied without being unwrapped. Researchers travel around inside the mummy’s head and body with 3-D imagery. We meet Dr. Robert Brier, a renowned Egyptologist. Dr. Brier reveals secrets of Mummification–it took up to 70 days to preserve the dead. Aided by new technology, we investigate the death of one of the most famous mummies, King Tut. Was he murdered or did he die from an illness? We also uncover the case of the Mummy who lay in obscurity for over a hundred years, until modern science unlocked the secrets of his identity as an Egyptian pharaoh. And we join a team of conservationists as they build a nitrogen-filled glass display case to provide a safe sanctuary to prevent mummies from decay.

From collapsing floodwalls in New Orleans to high-tech mechanical storm surge barriers in Europe, we’ll explore the 2,500-year history of keeping rivers and tides at bay by erecting levees. To get a lesson on how levees are built and why they fail, we’ll climb atop Sacramento, California’s crumbling river levees to see evidence of erosion that portends a New Orleans-level disaster. In stark contrast are the ingeniously engineered levees and dikes holding back tidal waters in the Netherlands. Their success inspired other mechanized flood barriers on both the River Thames outside London and one currently under construction near the sinking city of Venice, Italy. We’ll also take a look at the hard lessons learned when levees are breached. In New Orleans, we’ll see what the US Army Corps of Engineers is doing to protect the Crescent City from future hurricane seasons.

It transports electricity, water, and heat. Our bodies can’t survive without it, yet it can kill microbes in minutes. It brings music to our ears and beauty to our eyes. We’ll delve into all of copper’s impressive traits, history, and how it’s mined. This versatile red metal’s most famous attribute is its ability to conduct electricity–copper wires connect and energize the world. And it’s revolutionizing the electronics industry by enabling ever-shrinking computer chips. It’s also formed into plumbing pipes to convey water and is the metal of choice for beautiful roofs and sculptures. It doesn’t only look good–it sounds great too. A visit to a bell foundry reveals why bronze, a copper alloy, has been used to make music for hundreds of years. In myriad shapes and for innumerable uses, copper figures prominently in our world.

In the young 21st Century, two realizations are dawning on the world’s population: we are hopelessly dependent on petroleum, which is only going to get more expensive; and global warming, caused mainly by our burning of fossil fuels, will impact civilization in ways that we’re only beginning to grasp. Stepping in to fight both of these massive problems are the rapidly evolving technologies that harness renewable energy. We will see how air, water, earth, and fire are transformed into clean, reliable sources of heat, electricity, and even automobile fuel. We’ll take an in-depth look at the most proven and reliable sources: solar, wind, geothermal, biofuels, and tidal power. From the experimental to the tried-and-true, renewable energy sources are overflowing with potential… just waiting to be exploited on a massive scale. And unlike fossil fuels, they’ll always be there.

They are the life blood of the American Economy, transporting 1.8 billion tons of freight each year, carrying everything from crops, to consumer electronics, cars to chemicals, not to mention coal and just about any other item that you can think of. This program will take you to what is considered the greatest freight transportation system in the world, the Union Pacific’s Bailey yard–a pit stop for much of the nation’s freight on its journey across the continent. We’ll also explore the history of freight transportation from its humble beginnings as tramways in mines to complex system of rails that stretches to every corner of the nation.

Invented by the Chinese in about 3000BC, it spread the word of God and war. It set us free and spelled out our rights. It tells stories, sells products and solves crimes. It’s ink and it’s everywhere! From squid to soybeans, from ancient text to awesome tattoos, join us as we dip into the well for the scoop on ink.

Strength…A powerful word, but what does it mean? How is it measured? Why are some things simply stronger than others. How strong is a rope, a tractor, a diamond, a tugboat or even plastic. From Spectra fibre to Lexan learn where, how and why strength matters to us every day.

France’s Moet vineyards and La Tour d’Argent.

In America’s orchards and farm fields, the constant struggle between hand labor and mechanization has produced dozens of efficient and sometimes bizarre harvesting methods. We’ll learn the secrets of the orchard manager and his ladder crew as they check fruit pressures and barometric readings. We’ll visit California’s largest fruit packing house and try to keep up with 10-fruit-per-second conveyors. Then we’re off to the corn fields of Nebraska and the cranberry marshes of central Wisconsin. Finally, we’ll go underground to the world’s largest mushroom farm where the harvest takes place in limestone caverns that run some 150 miles. From fruit tree picking platforms to cranberry beaters and corn pickers, we constantly strive to speed the harvest.

In March of 2005, the BP Refinery in Texas City, Texas, suffered a series of explosions that decimated a large portion of the facility and killed 15 workers. Examine the series of events that led to one of the worst industrial accidents in the United States. Then we’ll document the unusual circumstances that caused American Airlines flight 587 to fall from the sky. What happened in Times Beach, Missouri, when a local waste hauler oiled down dusty roads with oil that was laced with dioxin? Next we’ll look at what went wrong with NASA’s Skylab in 1974 and finally we’ll examine the fire that destroyed the gas company, Praxair, in June of 2005. Interviews with survivors help complete the picture.

Christmas is observed by nearly one-third of the world’s population…and probably more if you count the non-Christians who incorporate some of the more secular traditions into their winter season. Every year, revelers go all out with trees, ornaments, lights, window displays and Christmas treats. Technological advancements have made them cheaper, easier and safer. We’ll visit Rockefeller Center for a look at their yearly tree preparations and then take a walk to Macy’s, Herald Square, where we’ll find out what it takes to design, assemble and install their annual holiday windows. How is the 3,300 pound UNICEF crystal snowflake hoisted above Fifth Avenue every year? Then it’s off to Yule Tree Farms, one of Oregon’s largest Christmas tree farms and we’ll visit a bakery in Texas that bakes and ships about 33,000 fruitcakes per day during the holiday season. So plug in the tree, grab some eggnog, sit back and enjoy!